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Index

16S rRNA analysis, 22-23

Altamira cave paintings,

decomposition of, 95

a

amensalism, 122

Amgen, 108

ABC transporters, 74-75

amino acids, 101-102

acetic acids, 152

aminoglycoside, 74

acid rain, 159

amphotericin B, 64

acidic environments, 11, 139

amplification, 109-111

acidophiles, 11

amylase, 33

Acremonium, 64

Anabaena, 129, 140

Actinobacteria, 95

anaerobic bacteria

Actinomyces, 95

in mouth, 27

adaptability of bacteria, 73, 126

on skin, 27

adaptive mutations, 63

anaerobic blooms, 141

adenine, 100

anaerobic chambers, 169

adherence, as survival

anaerobic fermentations, 146

mechanism, 125

anaerobic lakes, 141

aerobic bacteria in mouth, 27

anaerobic microbiology, 169-170

agar in pure cultures, 19-20

ancient societies

agar plates in serial dilution, 166

hygiene in, 38-39

agriculture

infectious disease in, 37-43

antibiotic-resistant bacteria in, 73

The Andromeda Strain (Crichton),

antibiotics in, 66-68

90-91

biotechnology in, 114

animal cloning, 109

protein production, 131-135

animalcules, 2

ague, 69

anthrax, 38, 40, 48, 116-117

Al Husseini, Sadad I., 148

antibiotic-resistant bacteria, 31, 64,

Alcaligenes eutrophus, 118

73-81

algae, 2, 96

in agriculture industry, 66-67

algae blooms, 140

archaea, 12

ALH 84001 (meteorite), 161

antibiotics, 64-68

aliquots, 166

adaptation to, 126

alkaliphiles, 11

in agriculture industry, 66-68

197

198

index

bacteriocins versus, 64

diversity of, 124-128

combining, 74

DNA transfer, 77-78

discovery pace of, 103

dormancy state, 36-37

natural antibiotics, list of, 64

in ecosystems, 5

penicillin, history of, 68-72

energy production, 154-155

research on, 80-81

environmental relationship with

structure of, 64

Earth, 32, 34

in treated water, 67

in evolution, 145-147

in wastewater, 67

in food production, 35-37

antidiarrhea treatments, 105

in fossil fuels origin, 147-148

antiseptics in World War I, 59

growing, 12, 165

Aphorisms (Hippocrates), 39

anaerobic microbiology,

apocrine sweat glands, 31

169-170

apoptosis, 115

aseptic technique, 170-171

Aquaspirllium magnetotacticum,

counting bacteria, 167-168

9, 161

logarithms, explained, 168-169

archaea, 4, 10, 12, 145, 150

serial dilution, 165, 167

Archaean Era, 130

in human body, 25-32

arginine, 101

in hydrogen production, 149-150

artwork

on Mars, 160-162

destruction by bacteria, 91, 94-96

microbiology, history of, 1-6, 16-19,

during Black Death, 83-84

46-58

refurbishing with bacteria, 96-97

mutations, 63-64

aseptic technique, 15, 170-171

number of, 9

atmosphere contents on Mars, 160

pathogens, 5

Austen, Jane, 89

in popular culture

autoclave, 170

artwork during Black Death,

autotrophs, 154

83-84

Azolla, 129

destruction of artwork, 91,

Azotobacter, 33, 132

94-96

in novels, 89-91

b

performing arts and

tuberculosis, 84-89

Bacillus, 24-29, 33, 37, 64

refurbishing artwork, 96-97

B. anthracis, 32, 40, 48, 116-117

protein production, 131-135

B. megaterium, 118

in ruminant digestion, 150-154

B. sphaericus, 37

shape of, 8

B. subtilis, 107

size of, 7

bacitracin, 64

staining, 12, 16-17

bacteria

structure of, 7, 9

adaptability of, 73

survival mechanisms, 9-13, 124-128

advantages over chemical industry,

viruses versus, 3

117-119

bacterial antibiotic efflux pumps, 79

antibiotic-resistant bacteria, 64-67,

bacterial cloning, 106-109

73-81

bacterial communities, 12-16

benefits of, 5, 29

bactericidal, 64

classification systems for, 20-25

bacteriocentricity, 57

comparison with other microbes, 2

bacteriocins, 13, 27, 64

defined, 2

bacteriology. See microbiology

index

199

bacteriophages, 60, 76

blue biotechnology, 102

bacteriostatic, 64

body odor, 31-32

Bacterium coli commune, 103

body temperature, maintaining, 29

Bacteroides, 27-30, 151

Borucki, Monica, 37

barophiles, 11

bottom-up control processes, 139

bases (DNA), 100

Boyer, Herbert, 99

basic conditions, bacteria in, 11

Bradyrhizobium, 132

Bazylinsky, Dennis, 161

brass, decomposition of, 93

Bdellovibrio, 126

Brevibacterium, 35

The Bells of St. Mary’s, 86

Broad Street pump (cholera

Beggiatoa, 123, 137

outbreak), 52-53

Beijerinck, Martinus, 121-123, 132

Brock, Thomas, 110

Beijerinckia, 132

Brontë, Charlotte, 87, 89

Berg, Paul, 99-100

Brontë, Emily, 87, 89

Bifidobacterium, 29-30

bronze, decomposition of, 93

binary fission, 107

Bronze Age, 93

binomial nomenclature, 24

Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 87

bioaerosols, 85