God's War: A New History of the Crusades (190 page)

Tortosa (Spain)
316
,
665

Tortosa (Syria)
175
,
179
,
196
,
237
,
405
,
822

Tours
71
,
74

Council of (1096)
74

towns
3
,
42
,
75
,
77
–8,
95
,
101
,
300
,
309
–10,
396
,
412
,
432
,
608
,
625
,
704
,
744
,
878
,
907
–8

Travels of John Mandeville, The
887
,
914
–15

Trent, General Church Council at (from 1545)
873
–4,
893

Tripoli (Lebanon)
152
,
197
,
223
,
227
,
403
,
406
,
732
,
817

principality of
111
,
190
,
196
–200,
212
–40,
721

True/Holy Cross, the
35
,
63
,
70
,
160
,
217
,
278
,
371
,
379
,
384
,
453
,
455
,
456
,
468
,
471
,
557
,
558
,
610
,
639
,
657
,
783
,
879

Tughrul Beg, Seljuk sultan
126

Tughtegin, atabeg of Damascus
138
,
192
,
203
,
204
,
230

Tunis, and Louis IX’s second crusade
810
–12

Turbessel (Tell-Bashir)
188
–9,
225

Turcopoles
228
,
356
,
719

Turks
4
,
11
–13,
125
,
126
,
181
,
213
,
226
–7,
320
–21

leagues against
830
,
836
,
843
,
845

Tutush, Seljuk ruler
127
,
128
,
129

Tyre
153
,
179
,
205
,
206
,
219
–20,
223
,
230
,
237
,
265
–6,
372
,
402
–9,
413
,
415
,
454
,
512
,
515
–16,
718
,
726
,
732
,
822

Ubaldo, archbishop of Pisa, papal legate
402
,
407
,
429

Ulf of Lauvnes
382

Umar, caliph
51

Unur, ruler of Damascus
188
,
198
,
333
,
334

Urban II, pope
7
–8,
28
,
31
,
45
,
47
,
49
–50,
54
,
56
,
107
,
112
,
118
,
161
,
172
,
175
,
243
,
263
,
480
,
650
,
655
,
659
,
662
,
664
,
907
,
915

and First Crusade
7
–8,
27
,
44
,
50
,
57
,
58
–89,
92
,
96
,
106
,
115
,
119
,
125
,
148
,
149
,
152
,
161
,
164
,
170
,
245
,
248
,
258
,
281
,
296

Urban III, pope
374
,
376
,
417

Urban IV, pope
807
,
896
,
898

Urban V, pope
832
,
843
,
845
,
889
,
905

Urban VI, pope
698
,
900
–901

Usmah ibn Munqidh of Shaizar, raconteur
230
,
233
,
237
–8

Valdemar I, king of Denmark
678
,
681
,
682
,
683
,
695

Valdemar II, king of Denmark
683
,
692
,
695
–6

Valdemar IV, king of Denmark
696
,
705

Valencia
20
,
656
,
659
,
670
–71

Vallembrosa, monks of
68
,
72

Varangian guards
20
,
82
,
251
,
534

Varna, crusade and battle of
847
,
862
–3

Vasil of Edessa
188

Vatican, the, Second General Council of the Church at
655

Veils, family of Anglo-Norman merchants
309
,
310
,
312

Venice, Venetians
3
,
55
,
179
–81,
201
,
402
,
424
,
440
,
608
,
615
–16,
626
–7,
631
,
634
–5,
706
,
718
,
727
–8,
817
,
820
,
830
,
837
,
845
,
854
,
862
–3,
866
,
871

crusade of (1122–5)
265
–6,
516

and Fourth Crusade
495
,
501
,
511
–33,
537
–56,
639

Treaty of (1201)
509
,
510
–16,
520
–21,
540
,
542

Vetheman of Roskilde, confraternity of
256

Vézelay
432

assembly at (1146)
276
,
278
–80,
489

agreement of (1190)
440
,
442
,
450
,
453

Vienna, siege of (1529)
873

Vienne, General Council of the Church at (1311–12)
816
,
829
,
837
,
841

Vikings
4
,
15
,
22
,
37
,
38
,
39
,
40
,
147
,
162
,
380
–81

Vincent of Prague
308
,
336

visions
139
,
143
–6,
152
,
156
,
618
–19

Vladimir, prince of Kiev
10

Volkmar, crusade leader
80
,
99

Waleran of Wavrin
859

Wales, preaching tour of 1188
385
–6,
396

Walo of Chaumont-en-Vexin
107

Walter of Boissy Sans Avoir (‘the Penniless’)
79
,
94
,
96
,
97
,
98
,
99

Walter of Brienne
516

Walter the Chancellor, of Antioch, chronicler
195

Walter FitzWaleran of Breteuil
95
,
97

Walter von der Vogelweide
351
,
478
–9

Welf IV, duke of Bavaria
171
,
174

Welf VI, duke of Bavaria
282
,
287
,
288
,
292

Wenceslas, king of Bohemia
10

Wends, western Baltic Slavs
263
,
292
–3,
674
,
676
–81

Wibald, abbot of Stavelot and Corvey
292
,
293
,
307
,
333
,
680

William, archbishop of Tyre
52
,
195
,
209
–11,
212
–40 passim,
328
,
330
,
333
–4,
337
,
343
et seq.,
351
,
357
,
358
–9,
361
,
641
,
913

Historia
209
–10,
212
–40 passim,
343
,
347
–64,
886
,
887

William, archdeacon of Paris, preacher and engineer
586
,
595
,
608

William, bishop of Orange
115
,
145

William, ‘the Carpenter’, viscount of Melun
87
,
107
,
138

William, patriarch of Jerusalem
278

William I, count of Holland
627

William I, king of England
17
,
44
,
64
,
83
,
84
,
116

William I, king of Sicily
251

William II, count of Nevers
171
,
172
,
174
,
186

William II, king of England
76
,
116

William II, king of Sicily
237
,
374
,
376
,
382
,
394
,
402
,
424
,
434
,
441
–2

William III, marquis of Montferrat, the Elder
298
,
323
,
365
,
371
,
405
,
517

William IX, duke of Aquitaine
171
,
172
,
173
,
174
–5

William of Auvergne, bishop of Paris
772

William of Beaujeu, master of the Temple
720
,
821

William Brewer, bishop of Exeter
648
,
744
–5,
748
,
752

William Caxton, printer
886

William Clito, count of Flanders
252
,
255

William Ferrers, earl of Derby
412
,
432

William FitzMarquis
108
,
112

William of Forz
760
,
768

William of Grandmesnil
114

William Hugh of Monteil
156

William-Jordan, count of Cerdagne and count of Tripoli
196
–7

William the Lion, king of Scotland
382

William Longchamp, chancellor of England
393
,
453
,
466

William Longspee, crusader and cult figure
787
,
792
–3,
802
,
908

William of Malmesbury, chronicler
64

William Marshal
392

William of Montferrat, the Younger
341
,
360
,
363
,
517

William of Newburgh, chronicler
472
–3

William of Norwich, blood libel of
283

William of Preaux
234

William Ricau, engineer
155

William of Rubruck, OP
798

William of Savoy, cardinal and legate
704

William of Tripoli, OP
815

William of Tudela, verse chronicler
591

William of Warenne, earl of Surrey
280
,
295
,
322

Winrich of Kniprode, master of Teutonic Knights
707

Wolfker of Kuffern
32

Xerigordo, disaster at (1096)
98
,
119

Yaghisiyan, governor of Antioch
135
,
141
,
142

Ya ‘qub, Almohad leader
488

York, Jewish massacre in (1190)
438
–9

Yusuf ibn Tashfin, Almoravid ruler
272
,
661

Zacharias, pope
5

Zara, and Fourth Crusade
501
,
519
,
524
,
527
–33,
539
,
540
,
541
–2,
594

Zaragoza
658
–9,
664

Table of Contents

Cover

About the Author

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Maps

Acknowledgements

Preface

Introduction: Europe and the Mediterranean

God’s War

The First Crusade

1: The Origins of Christian Holy War

2: The Summons to Jerusalem

3: The March to Constantinople

4: The Road to the Holy Sepulchre

Frankish Outremer

5: The Foundation of Christian Outremer

6: The Latin States

7: East is East and East is West: Outremer in the Twelfth Century

The Second Crusade

8: A New Path to Salvation? Western Christendom and Holy War 1100–1145

9: God’s Bargain: Summoning the Second Crusade