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5.
He intended to “prevent …”:
Strathern,
Artist, Philosopher
, p. 293.
  
6.
Another newly minted cardinal … :
Soderini’s words on Cesare are in Villari,
Machiavelli
, p. 361.
  
7.
Cardinal Lloris … :
Mallett,
Borgias
, p. 249 and 251, Strathern,
Artist, Philosopher
, p. 293.
  
8.
At one point … :
Strathern,
Artist, Philosopher
, p. 299.
  
9.
Evidently he remained … :
Ibid., p. 366.
10.
Now recovered from his injuries … :
Quote is ibid., p. 367.

Aftermath

The literature on Lucrezia Borgia is, for the most part, as credulous and unjustifiably sensational as it is extensive. Bradford,
Lucrezia Borgia
, is the best biography and unquestionably superior to everything that precedes it. Bradford does not, however, consider the paternity question or even acknowledge that such a question might exist, and neither De Roo nor Ferrara appears in her otherwise impressive bibliography. Ferrara,
Borgia Pope
, is good on the Borgia family and its relations after the death of Lucrezia.

  
1.
In almost all ways … :
Gregorovius,
Lucretia Borgia
, p. 159.
  
2.
But as the Borgia biographer … :
Mallett,
Borgias
, p. 262.
  
3.
Her descendants, like Lucrezia’s … :
Ibid., p. 260.
  
4.
When he fell sick …:
Gonzaga’s account of the deathbed scene is in Bradford,
Lucrezia Borgia
, p. 200.
  
5.
Considered by many … :
Gregorovius,
Lucretia Borgia
, p. 281.

Examining Old Assumptions

  
1.
Because to let go … :
Lucas-Dubreton,
Borgias
, p. 57.
  
2.
As noted in the introduction … :
Gregorovius,
History of Rome
, p. 7:326.
  
3.
An English historian … :
Robertson,
Cesare Borgia
, p. 11.
  
4.
A more recent historian … :
Mallett,
Borgias
, p. 101.
  
5.
“All experience of psychology …”:
Gregorovius,
Lucretia Borgia
, p. 290.
  
6.
Did she become Rodrigo’s mistress … :
Pastor’s opinion is in his
History of Popes
, p. 5:361. “Shortly before 1470” is in Gregorovius,
History of Rome
, p. 7:327.
  
7.
“We find,” he writes … :
That “there must have been several” Vannozzas is in Ferrara,
Borgia Pope
, p. 147.
  
8.
Ferrara concludes … :
Ibid., p. 152.
  
9.
He was several years older … :
Conti’s assertion about pressure to make Farnese a cardinal is in Pastor,
History of Popes
, p. 5:417.
10.
As Ferrara says … :
Ferrara,
Borgia Pope
, p. 154.
11.
Madonna Adriana and Giulia have arrived …:
Ibid., p. 158.
12.
W. H. Woodward … :
Woodward,
Cesare Borgia
, p. 125.
13.
Writing earlier, Ludwig Pastor … :
Pastor,
History of Popes
, p. 6:128.
14.
In her fourth chapter … :
Bellonci,
Lucrezia Borgia
, p. 108.
15.
When Bellonci returns … :
Ibid., p. 180.

Bibliography

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. “The Crown and the Economy Under Ferrante I of Naples (1485–94).” In
City and Countryside in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy
. Edited by Trevor Dean and Chris Wickham. London: Hambledon Press, 1990.
Ady, Cecilia M
.
Pius II, The Humanist Pope
. London: Methuen, 1913.
———.
The Bentivoglio of Bologna: A Study in Despotism
. London: Oxford University Press, 1937.
Arnaldi, Girolamo
.
Italy and Its Invaders
. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005.
Aston, Margaret
.
The Fifteenth Century: The Prospect of Europe
. London: Thames & Hudson, 1968.
Barraclough, Geoffrey
.
The Medieval Papacy
. London: Thames & Hudson, 1975.
Bellonci, Maria
.
Lucrezia Borgia
. Translated by Bernard and Barbara Wall. London: Phoenix Press, 2000.
Binns, L. Elliott
.
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Medieval Papacy
. London: Methuen, 1934.
Borgia, Lucrezia, and Pietro Bembo
.
The Prettiest Love Letters in the World
. Translated by Hugh Shankland. Boston: David R. Godine, 1987.
Bradford, Sarah
.
Lucrezia Borgia
. New York: Penguin, 2004.
Breisach, Ernst
.
Caterina Sforza: A Renaissance Virago
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.
Burchard, Johann
.
At the Court of the Borgia
. Edited and translated by Geoffrey Parker. London: Folio Society, 1963.
Burckhardt, Jacob
.
The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
. Translated by S. G. C. Middlemore. New York: Modern Library, 2002.
Chamberlin, E. R
.
The Fall of the House of Borgia
. London: Temple Smith, 1974.
———
.
The World of the Italian Renaissance
. London: Book Club Associates, 1982.
Chambers, D. S
.
The Imperial Age of Venice, 1380–1580
. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.
———
.
Popes, Cardinals and War
. London: I. B. Tauris, 2006.
Champion, Pierre
.
Louis XI
. Translated by Winifred Stephens Whale. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1929.
Cloulas, Ivan
.
The Borgias
. Translated by Gilda Roberts. New York: Franklin Watts, 1989.
Collison-Morley, L
.
The Story of the Borgias
. London: George Routledge & Sons, 1932.
Commynes, Philippe de
.
Memoirs
. Edited by Samuel Kinser. Translated by Isabelle Cazeaux. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1973.
Croce, Benedetto
.
History of the Kingdom of Naples
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
Cronin, Vincent
.
The Flowering of the Renaissance
. London: History Book Club, 1969.
———.
The Florentine Renaissance
. London: Collins/Fontana, 1972.
Dandelet, Thomas James
.
Spanish Rome, 1500–1700
. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001.
Deiss, Joseph Jay
.
Captains of Fortune: Profiles of Six Italian Condottieri
. London: Victor Gollancz, 1966.
De la Bedoyere, Michael
.
The Meddlesome Friar: The Story of the Conflict Between Savonarola and Alexander VI
. London: Collins, 1957.
De Roo, Peter
.
Material for a History of Pope Alexander VI, His Relatives and His Time
. 5 vols. Bruges: Desclée de Brouwer, 1924.
Edwards, John
.
Torquemada and the Inquisitors
. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus, 2005.
Elliott, J. H
.
Imperial Spain, 1469–1716
. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1964.
Fernandez, Henry Dietrich
. “The
Patrimony of St. Peter
. The Papal Court at Rome c. 1450-1700.” In John William Adamson, ed.,
The Princely Courts of Europe: Ritual, Politics, and Culture Under the Ancien Régime, 1500-1750
. London: Seven Dials, 2000.
Ferrara, Orestes
.
The Borgia Pope, Alexander the Sixth
. Translated by F. J. Sheed. London: Sheed & Ward, 1942.
Gilmour, David
.
The Pursuit of Italy
. London: Allen Lane, 2011.
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