This Is Only Test How Washington Prepared for Nuclear War (48 page)

UFOs, 85–6 Underhill, John Garrett, 123, 130 United States air defense systems described, 91, 111–14 nuclear weapons of, 9–10, 170, 179 part in Cold War’s origins, 18–19 United States Information Agency (USIA), 95, 134, 177, 183 United States Strategic Bombing Survey, 21–2, 27, 36, 61, 119

Valley Forge Foundation, 79 Vanderbilt, Tom, 185, 237 n.21 Virginia, 2, 5, 15, 34, 43, 62, 101–2, 146, 187

see also individual cities and counties

Wadsworth, James, 33–4 Warning Red defined, 77, 173 test activation of, 47, 113, 116, 121–2
see also
attack warning

Warning Yellow accidental declaration of, 114, 154 declaration of, 96, 112–13, 124, 132,

136, 141 defined, 77, 173 difficulty of keeping secret, 114–15,

124, 134 test activation of, 126–7, 149–50, 156, 160

see also
attack warning Warren, Earl, 168–9, 177–8 Warrenton, Va., 95–6, 183 War Scare of 1948, 24–6 wartime essential agencies

defined, 4–5, 196 n.16 dispersal of, 30, 38, 40–1, 101–2, 147 participation in exercises, 108–9, 121,

124–9, 156–63, 160, 182 responsibilities of, 105–6, 164, 186 vulnerability of, 105

wartime essential personnel

advance evacuation of, 113–14, 120
,
124, 155, 163, 177–8, 18
1
cadres of at Mount Weather, 7, 106
,

159, 163, 165, 176 during Cuban Missile Crisis, 176, 178–9 expected actions during crisis, 115, 129, 134, 162–3, 181–2

Washington Area Survival Plan committee (WASP), 132, 135, 138, 141

Washington and Lee University, 15, 95,

157, 165 Washington Board of Trade, 46, 81 Washington, D.C.

on 9/11, 185–7 Alert America in, 77–80 attack warning system of, 14, 111–15,

150–5 civil defense in
see under
D.C. Office of Civil Defense civil defense during World War II,

14–16 during Cuban Missile Crisis, 175–6 difficulty of evacuating, 109, 115,

121–4, 132–5 effects of World War II on, 11–12, 14, 16–17 exercises staged in, 116–17, 119–21,

124–30 government of, 3, 45–6 ground observer posts in, 82–5, 138–9

imagined attacks on, 1–2, 23, 36, 47, 67, 111–14, 117, 136, 158–60, 179–81
see also
Operation Alert

lack of home rule, 3, 93 national security state in, 21 planning for civil defense office in,

45–
7
population of, 12, 26, 122, 14
5
present–day emergency plans of
,

187–9 segregation of, 2–3, 14–15, 54, 84,

145–7 slavery in, 3 symbolic importance of, 3–4, 8, 49,

122–3, 13
5
UFO scare in, 85–
6
see also
dispersal, plans fo
r

metropolitan Washington, D.C. Washington National Airport, 1, 11, 45, 86 Washington Navy Yard
see
Naval Gun

Factory white flight, 2, 29–30, 145–7, 225 n.49 White House

East Wing, 15 reconstruction of, 69–75 security of during World War II, 15–16 shelters, 15, 68–75, 87, 98, 113, 155,

186–7 Signal Agency, 155–6, 162 White House Emergency Information Program, 177, 182 White House Emergency Plan (WHEP),

113, 132, 170, 177 White Sulphur Springs, W.Va., 6, 167 Whittington, Will, 59–60 Wiley, Alexander, 24–5, 36, 64 Wilson, Charlie, 124–5, 132 Winslow, Lorenzo S., 68–75 Works Progress Administration,

11, 14 World War I, 12–13, 97, 139, 180 World War II

civil defense during, 12–15 effects on Washington, D.C., 11–12, 14, 16–17

Young, Gordon Russell, 45–7, 115, 124 Young, John Russell, 45, 57

zero milestone marker, 33–5, 37–9, 42, 102–4, 136, 141, 143, 147, 151, 184